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Sporosarcina ureae
''Sporosarcina ureae'' is a type of bacteria of the genus ''Sporosarcina'', and is closely related to the genus ''Bacillus''. ''Sporosarcina ureae'' are aerobic, motile, spore-forming Gram-positive cocci, originally isolated in the early 20th century from soil. ''S. ureae'' is distinguished by their ability to grow in relatively high concentrations of urea through production of at least one exo-urease, an enzyme that converts urea to ammonia. ''Sporosarcina ureae'' has also been found to sporulate when environmental conditions become unfavorable, and can remain viable for up to a year .
==History==
In the early 20th century, the famous Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck isolated a microorganism that he named ''Planosarcina ureae''. In an effort to isolate bacteria from urea containing soil enrichments, he repeatedly came across a motile coccus that clustered in packets and had the ability to form endospores. The isolated organism’s nomenclature changed often as the result of the morphological and biochemical observations done by early researchers. In 1911, Lohnis proposed that the organism should be called ''Sarcina ureae'' because of the cluster packets the organism formed in culture. In the 1960s researchers MacDonald and MacDonald along with Kocur and Martinec moved ''Sarcina ureae'' to the genus ''Sporosarcina'' (proposed by Orla-Jensen in 1909 and first used by Kluyver and van Neil in 1936). Later in 1973, Pregerson isolated over 50 different strains of ''S. ureae'' from numerous soil samples around the world, finding that the organism is most commonly present in soils that reflected high activities of dogs and humans.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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